American literature in period of 1945 as
written by the Norton Anthology
The American literature - American literature is one of the most important literature in this world so here we today covering all time period till 9 11 .
Here let's know the American literature written by Norton anthology .
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the
United States and world power after the Allies defeated Germany and Japan in
World War two the United States emerged as the only world power with a strong
economy.
the nation's participation in World War two had reorganized the
American economy in ways that changed the lifestyles and expectations of its
citizens women and African Americans in particular broadened their expectation
of economic and social opportunities after their participation in the war
effort .
the United States exploded two atomic bombs in Japan in August 1945 the
first and only atomic bombs that have ever been deployed the effect was so
horrific and catastrophic that the United States shifted to a policy of
amassing military strength for deterrents rather than combat this
strategy was known as Cold War .
America's Cold War was directed at containing the
political economic military and ideological influence of communism
around the globe the Soviet Union and eventually China emerged as the main
Cold War adversaries of the United States throughout the 1950s and early
1960s .
social critics perceived a stable conformity to American life as well as a
dedication to an increasingly materialistic standard of living and
abled by the strong economy and by the abundance of job opportunities .
American life became increasingly mobile as the
population began a westward shift and more and more people relied of
automobiles the interstate highway system was begun in 1955 conflicts
within and resistance to this way of life purportedly based on stability and
conformity Ammar.
first in the 1960s or the 60s as this period is known this tumultuous period
of American history beginning with the assassination of President John F
Kennedy in 1963 was characterized by its counter cultural revolt against the
status .
the 60s assured in a combative period in civil rights
climaxing with the most sustained and effective attempts to remedy the evils
of racial discrimination since reconstruction women began to organize
in the 60s to pursue their legal ethical and cultural interest a position .
now defined as feminism active dissension
within the culture emerge in response to military involvement in Vietnam the
nation was shocked in 1974 by the Watergate scandal a revelation of
President Richard Nixon's abuses of governmental privileges that led to his
resignation by the end of the 1970s some characteristics that has seen
countercultural in the 60s had been accepted in mainstream American culture.
including in formalities of dress relaxation of social codes and an
increased respect for individual rights the 1980s witnessed a call for a return
to traditional values interpreted as a return not to community and self
sacrifice .
but to the pursuit of wealth during Ronald Reagan's presidency
income disparities grew while taxes fell and
Americans began to focus on personal acquisition the economy boomed but
shifted away from any fad training and into service and financial speculation.
the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 after American economic might had depleted its
ability to compete the attack on New York's World Trade Center and the
Pentagon by terrorists on September 11th 2001 shifted the nation's political
agenda
to a seemingly open-ended conflict with revolutionary Islamic forces talking
point to literary developments .
the ideal of homogeneity and conformity so
prominent in the 1950s and early 1960s led many writers to aspire to the
creation of a single work short story novel poem or play that could represent
the experiences of an entire people and that could attempt to represent a common
national essence that lay beneath distinctions of gender race ethnicity
religion or region novelists hoped to write the so-called Great American Novel
that would characterize the larger aspects of the national experience
playwrights to aspire to write plays.
that would be nationally representative embracing otherwise mundane characters
as Universal types that could speak to monumental national issues in the 1950s
and 60s poets acquired a new visibility in American life through writers
conferences and workshops recordings and published and broadcast interviews and
readings.
despite this increase in poetry's visibility its relatively marginal
position in the nations culture when compared to that of prose fiction may
have allowed it more diversity from the idea or ideal of homogeneity
in the 1950s .
the poetic standard was a short lyric meditation on an object
landscape or observed encounter that clarified or epitomized a feeling the
period also supported poets who gave voice to previously marginalize social
groups and poets who experimented with
new rhythms .
the notion that any single piece of literature could represent an
entire people or nation fell out of favor in the 60s as the nation itself
fractured over such issues as the uses of industrial and military power the
institutions of marriage and the family the rights of racial minorities women
and homosexuals the use of drugs and alternative states of consciousness some
writers felt that social reality had become too unstable to serve as a
reliable anchor for their narratives.
some critics believed that fiction and particularly the novel was dead having
exhausted its formal possibilities poetry was transformed by the appearance
of two points in the late 1950s Allen Ginsberg's howl 1956 with this
anti-establishment message open experimental form and strong aural
emphasis and Robert Lowell's life studies 1959 with its directness .
autobiographical intensity technological advances such as the advent of
television and air travel challenged boundaries of time and space and brought
a global awareness that made the concept of all encompassing expressions of the
world through literature seemed impossible confessional poetry and
literature in the 1960s pieces that involved autobiographical revelations
about difficult personal subject matter such as sex divorce alcoholism and
insanity began focus on the distinctness of individual
experience not its representativeness deconstruction a literary theory first philosophers questions assumptions about
developed by French linguist and the stability of language the ability of words
to represent reality and the constructed by intellectual operations.
extent to which facts might be the idea of literature as a form of
self-expression was complicated by deconstructionist skepticism about the
very idea of a coherent or essential self the political dissent of the 1960s
opened up spaces for a range of voices and literature representing in the new
and varied ways .
the experiences and views of African Americans southerners
Jews feminists Native Americans Asian Americans latina Latino Americans and
others this development produced a rich legacy in American literature the
contemporary literary period values heterogeneity in its form and pluralism
in its cultural influences contemporary literature is also increasingly
preoccupied with questions about what constitutes artificiality and what
constitutes authenticity or creative nonfiction reflects contemporary
literature's.
and patience with the opposition between fact and fiction
combining aspects of the essay memoir reportage criticism and autobiography
creative nonfiction uses the techniques of fiction to make a claim to the real
the Internet has produced a contemporary literary culture that is keenly aware
that reality is hybrid with constant input from multiple sources contemporary
literature reflects this insight with its proclivity for combining editing
authoring and rearranging a the materials American literature since
1945.
timeline connections
timeline connections as written by the Norton Anthology 1945 the u.s. drops
atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan surrenders ending war world war
two cold war begins 1947 Jackie Robinson becomes the first black major league
ballplayer 1950 Senator Joseph McCarthy begins attacks on communism 1950 to 1953
the Korean War 1953 House concurrent resolution 108 dictates government's
intention to terminate its treaty relations with the Native American
tribes 1954 Brown versus Board of Education declares segregated schools
unconstitutional Beat Generation poets begin to gather at San Francisco's City.
Lights bookshop 1956 Martin Luther King jr. leads bus boycott and Montgomery
Alabama 1959 Fidel Castro becomes communist leader of Cuba 1960 Woolworth
lunch counters sit in at Greensboro North Carolina marks the beginning of
civil rights movement 1962 the United States and Soviet Union close to war
over Russian missiles based in Cuba.
missiles are withdrawn 1963 King delivers I have a dream speech
black church and Birmingham Alabama is bombed killing 4 girls President John F
Kennedy is assassinated 1965 riots break out in watts section of Los Angeles
Malcolm X is assassinated the hippie culture flourishes and
Franziska 1965 to 1973 the Vietnam War era 1966 National Organization for Women.
now founded Hayden and Brooks criticized at black Writers Conference Fisk
University for composing academic poetry 1968 King is assassinated
Senator Robert F Kennedy is also assassinated photo of Earth rise by
Apollo 8 1969 US astronauts land on the moon Stonewall Riots and New York City
initiate gay liberation movement.
Woodstock Festival held near Bethel New York 1970 National Guard kills for
students during anti-war demonstration at Kent State University Ohio 1972
Watergate scandal military draft ends 1973 Roe vs. Wade.
legalizes abortion American Indian Movement members occupy Wounded
Knee South Dakota 1974 President Richard
Nixon resigns in wake of Watergate avoiding impeachment 1976 the US
Bicentennial 1982 Equal Rights Amendment is defeated anti-nuclear movement
protests manufacture of nuclear weapons aids officially identified in the United
States .
1989 Soviet Union collapses the cold war ends oil tanker Exxon Valdez
runs aground in Alaska 1990 Congress passes Native American graves protection
and repatriation act 1991 the United States enters the Persian Gulf War World
Wide Web is introduced 1995 Federal Building in Oklahoma City bombed in a
terrorist attack 1997 Pathfinder robot explores Mars 2001
execution of Timothy McVeigh convicted of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
September 11 terrorist attacks on Pentagon and World Trade Center 2003 .
the United States and the Great Britain
invade Iraq 2007 advent of worst economic resession since the Great
Depression 2009 inauguration of Barack Obama as US President 2010 massive oil
spill in the Gulf of Mexico 2011 death of terrorist leader Osama bin Laden
architect of the 9-1-1 attacks.
I hole you will understand this time line of American literature.
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